Discuss molar volume of a gas lab, exemplar conclusions,inclass quiz equal levels, handout auxiliary problems, discuss extra credit lecture, eotwne start equilibrium unit. At high temperature and low pressure a gas behaves as an ideal gas. The ideal gas law wasnt exactly something that just popped up from one person. Main points pdf corwin textbook publisher website with objectives and quizzes lesson plans pdf. Robert boyle develops his law for isothermal ideal gases. The gas laws were developed at the end of the 18th century, when scientists began to realize that relationships between pressure, volume and temperature of a. The gas is allowed to exchange heat with a sink at temperature tl as the gas is being slowly compressed. The kinetic molecular theory is a model that explains some of the behavior of. Charles law, boyles law and avogadros law all of which will later combine into the general gas equation and ideal gas law. Gasesandgasl aws thefirstsubstancestobeproduced andstudiedinhighpurity weregases. In this lecture we will investigate the differences in the physical properties exhibited by each of these states 1. Dividing by molecular weight, pvm r m t where m is the molecular weight of the gas. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site.
Lecture 14 chapter 19 ideal gas law and kinetic theory of gases chapter 20 entropy and the second law of thermodynamics now we to look at temperature, pressure, and internal energy in terms of the motion of molecules and atoms. This section provides the lecture notes for the course, information on lecture topics, and question posed to the class to stimulate discussion. We will work to gain understanding of the forces and interactions between. The gas expansion is driven by absorption of heat from the high temperature reservoir. It is important that you keep up with and complete the athomeoutofclass video assignments because we will be addressing these topics in class the next day. Below you will find lecture videos and their accompanying notes.
Increasing the volume will decrease the pressure of a gas since. When you heat a gas, the temperature of a gas increases as a result of increased kinetic energy. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Notes for engineering thermodynamics et by alok kumar nanda lecture notes, notes, pdf free download, engineering notes, university. Explain daltons law of partial pressures and define partial pressure. Lecture notes advanced partial differential equations.
Chemistry notes chemistry pdf gases, gas laws, and. The lectures are categorized into 3 different filetypes. As the temperature is raised, the fraction of molecules that can break away into the gas phase grows and vapor pressure increases. The partial pressure of vapor molecules above the surface of a liquid at equilibrium at a given temperature is the vapor pressure vp of the liquid at that temperature. However, the concepts of pressure and temperature deserve a little more discussion. If a given quantity of gas is held at a constant pressure, then its. So, the gas is doing work on the surroundings, and as a result of expansion the gas temperature reduces from th to tl. We use your linkedin profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant ads. Reversible isothermal expansion of the gas at the hot temperature, th. Many of the properties of gases differ from those of solids and liquids. Robert boyle 16271691 founder of modern chemistry monday, september 30. Heated gases expand, which can make a hot air balloon rise figure 1 or cause a blowout in a bicycle tire left in the sun on a hot day.
The molecules of a given gas are all identical but are different from those of another gas. Ideal gas law the functional relationship between the pressure, volume, temperature and moles of a gas. For this step we assume the piston and cylinder are. Since the ideal gas law uses all of those skills, ive decided to create a math lesson plan showing students that using science to explain math is a great way to own the material. Increasing the number of particles increases collisions, which increases pressure. Some of these properties are pressure, volume, and temperature.
These laws show how a change in one of these properties affects the others. Ideal gas law introduction lesson plan keith newman chemistry 511 final project 20062007 objectives. Gases and gas law grade 11 physics notes khullakitab. These laws are universally valid, they cannot be circumvented. Pv nrt a hydrogen gas thermometer is found to have a volume of 100. Gases section 5 of general chemistry notes is 18 pages in length page 51 through page 518 and covers all youll need to know on the following lecture textbook topics section 5 gases 51 atmospheric pressure the barometer two factors affecting barometric pressure 52 units of pressure mm hg, torr, atm, pa, psi 52 boyles law.
Animated lectures are for students who prefer studying bitbybit, while plain lectures are not animated. Students will be able to predict the behavior of gases using the ideal gas law. Boyles law states that for a fixed amount of an ideal gas kept at a fixed temperature. The simplest plant is the open turbine gas cycle used to produce electrical. When the same thermometer is immersed in boiling liquid chorine, the volume of hydrogen at the same pressure is found to be 87. Nonideal gas behavior we are surrounded by an ocean of gasthe atmosphereand many of the properties of gases are familiar to us from our daily activities. Airstandard assumptions air continuously circulates in a closed loop and behaves as an ideal gas all the processes are internally reversible combustion is replaced by a heataddition process from the outside. In these notes we will focus on stationary plants for electric power generation, however, gas turbines are also used as jet engines in aircraft propulsion. Rt where v is the specific volume and r is the gas constant which varies depending on the gas. In chemistry, the relationships between gas physical properties are described as gas laws. Physics notes class 11 chapter kinetic theory assumptions of kinetic theory of gases 1. Ohms law, kirchhoffs voltage and current laws, nodesbranches and loops, series elements and voltage division, parallel elements and current division, stardelta transformation, independent sources and dependent sources, source transformation.
Finally some applications of gas laws are presented. Honors chemistry notes and handouts powered by oncourse. During this step, the expanding gas causes the piston to do work on the surroundings. Combined gas law problems often require you to find the new volume of a gas at stp. Gas laws and kinetic molecular theory the gas laws are based on experiments, and they describe how a gas behaves under certain conditions. Students will be able to solve ideal gas law problems using algebraic ratios. This is the perfect gas equation, which becomes very accurate as the pressure decreases. Each of the individual laws is contained in this equation. Pdf this presentation will help to become familiar with gas laws boyle, charles and ideal gas. Ideal gas law 8 slides combined gas law 8 slides bernoullis principle 7 slides space shuttle 4 slides daltons law of partial pressures 25 slides ideal vs real 6 slides the gas laws 6 slides gas stoichiometry 11 slides practice problems for the gas laws 35 slides volume and pressure 26 slides barometer 11 slides manometer 30 slides. Advogados number is also related to the ideal gas law. Introduction the three fundamental gas laws discover the relationship of pressure, temperature, volume and amount of gas.
Experiment shows that 1 mole of any gas, such as helium, air, hydrogen, etc at the same volume and temperature has almost the same pressure. This page contains lecture notes from a typical chemical reaction engineering class. Substances that are liquids or solids under ordinary conditions may also exist as gases. Gas phase in the form of bubbles is formed within the volume of the liquid and the bubbles rise to the surface and burst releasing the vapor into the air. Measurable properties of gases what we mean when we talk about the amount of gas present usually expressed in moles or the volume it occupies is fairly clear. Pressure pressure is a measure of the force exerted by a gas per unit area. The purpose of gasturbine power plants is to produce mechanical power from the expansion of hot gas in a turbine. Relate to the 1st law of thermodynamics thermal expansion cracking the nut. This video is part of a 23lecture undergraduatelevel course titled general chemistry taught at uc irvine by amanda brindley, ph. This increase in energy causes the gas molecules to hit the walls of its container even harder resulting in either increased pressure or increased volume. Every gas consists of extremely small particles known as molecules. This means that the new pressure p 2 is standard pressure, and the new temperature t 2 is standard temperature.
For the moment though we note that if we let t be the temperature on this absolute scale. The molecules of a gas are identical spherical, rigid and perfectly elastic point masses. Diffusion the process whereby a gas spreads out through another gas to occupy the space with uniform partial pressure. Gases are mostly empty space occupy containers uniformly and completely expand infinitely diffuse and mix rapidly because gases are mostly empty space, they are used to fill airbags to cushion the shock from an impact. A theory must be developed to explain the behavior of gases. Ideal gas law pv nrt the moles of gas is no longer a constant, and is now represented by n.
However, gas laws do not attempt to explain the behavior of gases. Lecture notes physics i physics mit opencourseware. Based on kinetic theory of gases and on the combined method of chapmanenskog and grad, the laws of ohm, fourier and navierstokes are derived for a nonrelativistic fully ionized gas. Pressure pressure for gasses is a concentration term units depend on gas law being used common units in our class. These are lecture notes for ame 20231, thermodynamics, a sophomorelevel undergraduate. Gas turbnie we need to develop a new model, that is still ideal. Chemistry notes section 5 download instant pdf notes on these tough.
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